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Home > Archive > Linux Debian support > May 2006 > Need to make room in my partition with Kernel and boot up stuff...
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Need to make room in my partition with Kernel and boot up stuff...
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| ANTant@zimage.com 2006-05-29, 5:03 pm |
| During installation of Debian (Sarge) last year, I underestimated the boot up partition size for
Kernel and other stuff. Kernels had grown a lot. Wow!
I booted up KNOPPIX v4.02 CD, and tried to resize / partition (I think this is where my Kernel
and other boot stuff are stored), but it wouldn't let me resize.
Is there something I can do? Replace old Kernel (Linux foobar 2.6.14-2-k7 #1 Wed Dec 28 19:14:46
UTC 2005 i686 GNU/Linux), merge partitions, etc.? I hope I don't have I have to reformat. I only
have one HDD. I would like to keep multiple Kernels too like I used to, then I ran out of disk
space to keep only one.
I use Grub for my boot loader. This is what is in my /boot if it helps:
# ls -all /boot
total 2991
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 1024 Dec 29 14:49 .
drwxr-xr-x 25 root root 1024 Feb 2 15:28 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 671012 Dec 28 12:40 System.map-2.6.14-2-k7
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 65297 Dec 28 09:51 config-2.6.14-2-k7
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 1024 Dec 29 14:49 grub
-rw------- 1 root root 992387 Dec 29 14:49 initrd.img-2.6.14-2-k7
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1311890 Dec 28 12:39 vmlinuz-2.6.14-2-k7
# ls -all /boot/grub
total 170
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 1024 Dec 29 14:49 .
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 1024 Dec 29 14:49 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 30 Jun 5 2005 device.map
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7776 Jun 5 2005 e2fs_stage1_5
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7504 Jun 5 2005 fat_stage1_5
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8320 Jun 5 2005 jfs_stage1_5
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3296 Dec 29 14:49 menu.lst
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3296 Dec 29 14:49 menu.lst~
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7008 Jun 5 2005 minix_stage1_5
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9216 Jun 5 2005 reiserfs_stage1_5
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 512 Jun 5 2005 stage1
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 108168 Jun 5 2005 stage2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9288 Jun 5 2005 xfs_stage1_
According to df and du:
# du /boot
169 /boot/grub
3158 /boot
# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/hda1 270969 173619 82894 68% /
tmpfs 518196 0 518196 0% /dev/shm
/dev/hda5 14421344 1625488 12063296 12% /home
/dev/hda6 4807056 2271924 2290948 50% /usr
/dev/hda7 918322 357730 511596 42% /var
/dev/hda8 918322 16492 852834 2% /tmp
/dev/hda9 4807056 189280 4373592 5% /usr/local
/dev/hda10 918322 16451 852875 2% /swap
/dev/hda11 2324384 65612 2140696 3% /extra
/dev/hda12 47383396 3562680 41413780 8% /others
I should still have plenty of room. Where did all the disk space go? Or is it another
partition/directories? When I downloaded and installed the newer Kernel, it said I ran out of
disk space so it never finished so I had to clean up the mess. I assume it needs extra room for
temporary stuff (extractions?)?
# apt-get install linux-image-2.6.16-1-k7
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Suggested packages:
linux-doc-2.6.16 linux-source-2.6.16
Recommended packages:
libc6-i686
The following NEW packages will be installed:
linux-image-2.6.16-1-k7
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 15.8MB of archives.
After unpacking 45.5MB of additional disk space will be used.
It looks like I need more than 46 MB??
Thank you in advance. 
--
"Be thine enemy an ant, see in him an elephant." --Turkish Proverb
/\___/\
/ /\ /\ \ Phillip (Ant) @ http://antfarm.ma.cx (Personal Web Site)
| |o o| | Ant's Quality Foraged Links (AQFL): http://aqfl.net
\ _ / Please remove ANT if replying by e-mail.
( )
| |
| Mumia W. 2006-05-29, 5:03 pm |
| ANTant@zimage.com wrote:
> During installation of Debian (Sarge) last year, I underestimated the boot up partition size for
> Kernel and other stuff. Kernels had grown a lot. Wow!
>
> I booted up KNOPPIX v4.02 CD, and tried to resize / partition (I think this is where my Kernel
> and other boot stuff are stored), but it wouldn't let me resize.
>
> Is there something I can do? [...]
It looks like you finally have an excuse to recompile the kernel from
source rather than install a binary kernel image.
Download the kernel source; it'll go into /usr/src; un-tar it into your
home directory, copy /boot/config-xxx to .config in the source
directory, do make menuconfig select which things you don't need that
are bloating your kernel and remove them, read the manual page on
make-kpkg, then do it.
When you have a kernel that's just too bloated, or it just won't work,
you have to recompile it. I'd suspect that the modules are too big.
Debian likes to configure almost everything as modules, but for a
particular user's system, probably 99% of the modules are unneeded, so
when you do "make menuconfig", you'll disable a great many modules that
have nothing to do with your system.
[fups -> alt.os.linux.debian]
| |
| ANTant@zimage.com 2006-05-29, 5:03 pm |
| > > During installation of Debian (Sarge) last year, I underestimated the boot up partition size for
[vbcol=seagreen]
> It looks like you finally have an excuse to recompile the kernel from
> source rather than install a binary kernel image.
Ugh. I remember compiling Kernel back in Red Hat days and that was not fun. I did it like for a
few hours and those options really had me stomped. Wasted too many hours on it. Of course that
was when I had a lot of free time, but not these days (working man!).
> When you have a kernel that's just too bloated, or it just won't work,
> you have to recompile it. I'd suspect that the modules are too big.
> Debian likes to configure almost everything as modules, but for a
> particular user's system, probably 99% of the modules are unneeded, so
> when you do "make menuconfig", you'll disable a great many modules that
> have nothing to do with your system.
I don't really need the little 5% speed improvements since this Athlon XP 2200+ machine is
already fast enough as a workstation (not a gaming machine). All it does is basic stuff like
Word processing, surfing Web, etc.
Due to lack of free time, I don't have time to compile and stuff. Hence, why I didn't use Gentoo
(don't have the time to compile, configure, etc.). I guess I will keep using 2.6.14 Kernel until
I have free time to redo my partitions by reformatting my HDD or something.
Thanks for replying.
--
"Be thine enemy an ant, see in him an elephant." --Turkish Proverb
/\___/\
/ /\ /\ \ Phillip (Ant) @ http://antfarm.ma.cx (Personal Web Site)
| |o o| | Ant's Quality Foraged Links (AQFL): http://aqfl.net
\ _ / Please remove ANT if replying by e-mail.
( )
| |
| Ed LaBonte 2006-05-29, 5:03 pm |
| You might try Gparted. It's a live cd specifically designed for resizing
partitions.
| |
| ANTant@zimage.com 2006-05-29, 5:03 pm |
| In comp.os.linux.misc Ed LaBonte <ewl@localhost.localdomain> wrote:
> You might try Gparted. It's a live cd specifically designed for resizing
> partitions.
I actually used qtparted. I don't think KNOPPIX comes with gparted. Both are frontends. So I assume gparted will
have the same problem (can't resize).
--
"Be thine enemy an ant, see in him an elephant." --Turkish Proverb
/\___/\
/ /\ /\ \ Phillip (Ant) @ http://antfarm.ma.cx (Personal Web Site)
| |o o| | Ant's Quality Foraged Links (AQFL): http://aqfl.net
\ _ / Please remove ANT if replying by e-mail.
( )
| |
| Peter J Ross 2006-05-29, 5:03 pm |
| On Thu, 25 May 2006 16:49:20 -0500, ANTant@zimage.com
<ANTant@zimage.com> wrote in alt.os.linux.debian:
> I booted up KNOPPIX v4.02 CD, and tried to resize / partition (I
> think this is where my Kernel and other boot stuff are stored), but
> it wouldn't let me resize.
Are you using an ext3 filesystem? If so, you should be able to resize
your partitions with the Knoppix tools after turning the journal off.
$ man 8 tune2fs
You'll need to shrink hda5 before enlarging hda1.
PJR :-)
--
_ _(o)_(o)_ _ FSM: http://www.venganza.org/
.._\`:_ F S M _:' \_, PJR: http://www.insurgent.org/~pjr/
/ (`---'\ `-. AUK: http://www.netcabal.com/auk/
,-` _) (_, F_P God's Own Newsreader: http://www.slrn.org/
| |
| Robert Hull 2006-05-29, 5:03 pm |
| In comp.os.linux.misc, on Thu 25 May 2006 22:49, ANTant@zimage.com
<ANTant@zimage.com> wrote:
> During installation of Debian (Sarge) last year, I underestimated the
> boot up partition size for Kernel and other stuff. Kernels had grown a
> lot. Wow!
>
> I booted up KNOPPIX v4.02 CD, and tried to resize / partition (I think
> this is where my Kernel and other boot stuff are stored), but it
> wouldn't let me resize.
Before you can increase the size of a partition, you need to have
unallocated space *immediately* after the last block of that partition.
Given the layout of your disk, I think it extremely unlikely that you
would want to mess about moving the start of /dev/hda5 to reduce its
size then moving the start of your extended partition by the same
amount.
This is certainly not something to try to do in a hurry, and you would
need to be *absolutely* sure that you had reliable backups of
everything just in case something went wrong.
> Is there something I can do?
[snip]
> # df
> Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
> /dev/hda1 270969 173619 82894 68% /
> tmpfs 518196 0 518196 0% /dev/shm
> /dev/hda5 14421344 1625488 12063296 12% /home
> /dev/hda6 4807056 2271924 2290948 50% /usr
> /dev/hda7 918322 357730 511596 42% /var
> /dev/hda8 918322 16492 852834 2% /tmp
> /dev/hda9 4807056 189280 4373592 5% /usr/local
> /dev/hda10 918322 16451 852875 2% /swap
> /dev/hda11 2324384 65612 2140696 3% /extra
> /dev/hda12 47383396 3562680 41413780 8% /others
>
One alternative that does not rely on resizing anything is to swap
around *how* you are using your partitions. For example, you could
move / onto /dev/hda8 then put /tmp onto /dev/hda1 this would more than
triple the size of your root partition.
You should not need to copy /tmp because by definition it should be
transient data, but if you want to be extremely cautious, you could
copy it to a directory under home whilst you make the changes.
In your place, I would do these manoeuvres on the CLI under Knoppix to
be sure that nothing will change in the middle of everything.
1 Mount /dev/hda1 and /dev/hda8 - they will normally mount as
/mnt/hda1 and /mnt/hda8 respectively
2 rm -rf /mnt/hda8/*
3 cp -a /mnt/hda1/* /mnt/hda8
You will then need to edit /mnt/hda8/etc/fstab to mount / on /dev/hda8
and to mount /tmp on /dev/hda1
You will also need to edit /mnt/hda8/boot/grub/menu.lst to look for the
grub root directory on (hd0,7) and to look for the Linux root
on /dev/hda8
The first time that you reboot, you will probably need to specify
root=/dev/hda8 on the grub parameter line and you may need to reinstall
grub to be certain that it will look in the right place in future.
Once you are sure that everything is working OK, you can delete the old
directories from /dev/hda1
HTH
--
Robert
This information provided free of charge for those willing to accept
it. Others who wish to be spoon-fed may acquire my services at the
discounted rate of 135 GB Pounds per hour or part thereof.
| |
| ANTant@zimage.com 2006-05-29, 5:03 pm |
| In comp.os.linux.misc Peter J Ross <pjr@kookbusters.org> wrote:
> On Thu, 25 May 2006 16:49:20 -0500, ANTant@zimage.com
> <ANTant@zimage.com> wrote in alt.os.linux.debian:
[vbcol=seagreen]
> Are you using an ext3 filesystem? If so, you should be able to resize
> your partitions with the Knoppix tools after turning the journal off.
Yes, ext3 FS.
> $ man 8 tune2fs
What exactly am I looking for in here? I don't know what journal is. Sorry if I sound I like a Linux newbie/n00b
(I am). Heh.
> You'll need to shrink hda5 before enlarging hda1.
It doesn't appear that I can shrink hda5 according to qtparted and gparted. Is it because it is in an extended
area (hda2)??
--
"Be thine enemy an ant, see in him an elephant." --Turkish Proverb
/\___/\
/ /\ /\ \ Phillip (Ant) @ http://antfarm.ma.cx (Personal Web Site)
| |o o| | Ant's Quality Foraged Links (AQFL): http://aqfl.net
\ _ / Please remove ANT if replying by e-mail.
( )
| |
| Jeremy Boden 2006-05-29, 5:03 pm |
| In message <4L- dnb4jnZ5IgeTZnZ2dnUVZ_vudnZ2d@mminternet
.net>,
ANTant@zimage.com writes
>In comp.os.linux.misc Peter J Ross <pjr@kookbusters.org> wrote:
>
>
>
>Yes, ext3 FS.
>
>
>
>What exactly am I looking for in here? I don't know what journal is.
>Sorry if I sound I like a Linux newbie/n00b
>(I am). Heh.
The ext3 file system is an ext2 file system + journalling.
A journal accumulates file updates before they are actually applied to
your files. Google for more about databases and journalling.
>
>
>
>It doesn't appear that I can shrink hda5 according to qtparted and
>gparted. Is it because it is in an extended
>area (hda2)??
Do you have hda6,7,8... etc?
See http://gparted.sourceforge.net/features.php for a feature list.
--
Jeremy Boden
| |
| ANTant@zimage.com 2006-05-29, 5:03 pm |
| In comp.os.linux.misc Jeremy Boden <jeremy@jboden.demon.co.uk> wrote:
> In message <4L- dnb4jnZ5IgeTZnZ2dnUVZ_vudnZ2d@mminternet
.net>,
> ANTant@zimage.com writes
[vbcol=seagreen]
> The ext3 file system is an ext2 file system + journalling.
> A journal accumulates file updates before they are actually applied to
> your files. Google for more about databases and journalling.
[vbcol=seagreen]
> Do you have hda6,7,8... etc?
Yes, up to 12:
$ df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/hda1 270969 173622 82891 68% /
tmpfs 518196 0 518196 0% /dev/shm
/dev/hda5 14421344 1380884 12307900 11% /home
/dev/hda6 4807056 2278016 2284856 50% /usr
/dev/hda7 918322 360200 509126 42% /var
/dev/hda8 918322 16496 852830 2% /tmp
/dev/hda9 4807056 189280 4373592 5% /usr/local
/dev/hda10 918322 16451 852875 2% /swap
/dev/hda11 2324384 65612 2140696 3% /extra
/dev/hda12 47383396 3562680 41413780 8% /others
> See http://gparted.sourceforge.net/features.php for a feature list.
It seems to support ext3 FS resize. I don't recall what version of gparted/qtparted/parted
comes with KNOPPIX v4.02 CD.
--
"Ladies and gentlemen, hoboes and tramps...Crosseyed Mosquitoes and bow-legged ants...I've come to tell you the story..." --unknown
/\___/\
/ /\ /\ \ Phillip (Ant) @ http://antfarm.ma.cx (Personal Web Site)
| |o o| | Ant's Quality Foraged Links (AQFL): http://aqfl.net
\ _ / Please remove ANT if replying by e-mail.
( )
| |
| Peter J Ross 2006-05-29, 5:03 pm |
| On Sat, 27 May 2006 22:45:25 -0500, ANTant@zimage.com
<ANTant@zimage.com> wrote in alt.os.linux.debian:
> In comp.os.linux.misc Peter J Ross <pjr@kookbusters.org> wrote:
>
>
>
> Yes, ext3 FS.
>
>
>
> What exactly am I looking for in here? I don't know what journal is. Sorry if I sound I like a Linux newbie/n00b
> (I am). Heh.
The journal is a record of changes to the filesystem, which is useful
for crash recovery. The ext3 filesystem is identical to the ext2
filesystem except that it has a journal. If you disable the journal,
you'll have an ext2 filesystem, which is much easier to move or
resize.
The command that enables you to turn journalling on or off is tune2fs,
which takes various options that you can read about in the man page
using the command I suggested.
>
> It doesn't appear that I can shrink hda5 according to qtparted and
> gparted. Is it because it is in an extended area (hda2)??
I think it's because you haven't turned journalling off.
You may also be unable to take space from the beginning of a
partition. If so, try taking space from the end and then moving the
partition you've shrunk.
And do back up your data first!
PJR :-)
--
_ _(o)_(o)_ _ FSM: http://www.venganza.org/
.._\`:_ F S M _:' \_, PJR: http://www.insurgent.org/~pjr/
/ (`---'\ `-. AUK: http://www.netcabal.com/auk/
,-` _) (_, F_P God's Own Newsreader: http://www.slrn.org/
| |
| Nico Kadel-Garcia 2006-05-29, 5:03 pm |
| Peter J Ross wrote:
> On Sat, 27 May 2006 22:45:25 -0500, ANTant@zimage.com
> <ANTant@zimage.com> wrote in alt.os.linux.debian:
>
>
> The journal is a record of changes to the filesystem, which is useful
> for crash recovery. The ext3 filesystem is identical to the ext2
> filesystem except that it has a journal. If you disable the journal,
> you'll have an ext2 filesystem, which is much easier to move or
> resize.
No, it has some other important features. Ext3's use of "htrees" allows it
to deal well with directories of more than a few thousand entries, such as
Usenet news spools and web caches. Those used to be compelling reasons to
use Reiserfs or other file sytems, but since Ext3 became more sophisticated
there's not much use for ReiserFS in production servers, in my experience.
> The command that enables you to turn journalling on or off is tune2fs,
> which takes various options that you can read about in the man page
> using the command I suggested.
Which is completely correct. The history of ext2/ext3 development is....
fascinating stuff, and typical Open Source development.
>
> I think it's because you haven't turned journalling off.
>
> You may also be unable to take space from the beginning of a
> partition. If so, try taking space from the end and then moving the
> partition you've shrunk.
>
> And do back up your data first!
Make sure the backup is *complete*, or complete enough to rebuild from bare
metal. I'm a big believer in storing tarballs of the contents of partitions,
scrubbing the partitions, re-partitioning, then restoring the tarballs, then
editing /etc/fstab and grub settings to be correct for the new layout. I've
even written some very fast OS installers that do exactly this sort of
thing: I consider a Knoppiix bootable CD to be a wonderful platform to do
this stunt from, too, since it allows you to access the disk without running
any somftware on it.
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